Oral Presentation 49th Nutrition Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting 2025

Targeting elevated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in airway epithelium: the role of anthocyanins from New Zealand blackcurrant. (129707)

Madiha Ajaz 1 , Ayesha Zahid 1 2 , Rati Dr. Jani 3 , Lada Dr. Vugic 1 , Indu Prof. Singh 1 , Natalie Dr. Shilton 1
  1. School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
  2. Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
  3. School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a growing global prevalence and a projected increase in economic burden by 2050. A hallmark of asthma pathophysiology is airway remodeling, driven by persistent inflammation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a key mediator in this process, contributing to fibrosis and structural changes in the airways(1). Moreover, long-term use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), a mainstay in asthma management, has been associated with elevated PAI-1 levels(2), highlighting the need for alternative or adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Anthocyanins, naturally occurring flavonoids found in various fruits and vegetables, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in several chronic diseases. Their use has also been linked to improvements in asthma-related symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers. However, the direct impact of anthocyanins on PAI-1 levels in the context of asthma has not yet been explored, presenting a novel area of investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant (NZBC) extract rich in anthocyanins on PAI-1 levels using BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells, an in vitro model relevant to asthma due to its airway epithelial responses involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling. Statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism version 10.4.2. MTT assay data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, while ELISA results were evaluated using an unpaired t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, which indicated significant cytotoxicity at concentrations above 50 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, 50 µg/mL was selected for subsequent experiments. Cells pretreated with NZBC anthocyanins and subsequently stimulated with TNF-α exhibited a significant reduction in PAI-1 levels compared to untreated controls (Control: 28,958 ± 2,485 vs. ACN: 14,360 ± 1,148; n = 3; p = 0.0060), as measured by ELISA, suggesting a potential protective effect against pro-fibrotic state. These findings support the potential role of NZBC anthocyanins as adjunctive agents in asthma therapy, particularly in mitigating airway remodeling. Future research should explore the clinical relevance of these effects, including genotype-specific variations in PAI-1 expression and responsiveness to anthocyanin treatment, to inform personalized therapeutic approaches.

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