Infertility, clinically defined as the inability to become pregnant after twelve months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse, is a health concern of increasing prevalence (1). It affects approximately 20 % of the female population of reproductive age, which can have devastating long-term social, psychological and financial consequences (2). Women with metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) are disproportionately affected by infertility, early pregnancy loss and recurrent pregnancy loss compared to women in the healthy weight range (3). Women with obesity have three-fold greater concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in uterine tissue than women with healthy body weights (4), potentially increasing inflammation within endometrial cells and negatively impacting endometrial function and embryo implantation. While AGEs are produced endogenously, they also enter the body from exogenous sources such as during consumption of highly processed foods (5). This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between dietary consumption of the common AGE carboxymethyllysine (CML) and infertility in a sample of adult women of reproductive age (18-49 y) using pre-pandemic data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017- 2020. A sample of 1922 reproductive-aged women had complete dietary and fertility data available. A published reference dietary AGE food composition database (6) was used to estimate each participant’s dietary CML intake from the first NHANES 24-hour dietary recall interview data. Differences between fertile and infertile groups were identified using independent t-tests (for continuous variables) and chi-squared (for categorical variables). Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to explore the association between energy-adjusted dietary CML intake and infertility, while controlling for additional significant covariates. Odds ratios were calculated to quantify the association between infertility the highest and lowest tertiles of energy-adjusted CML intake. Of the 1922 women included in the analysis, 240 were considered infertile. Women with infertility were significantly older (35.5 ± 7.7 y versus 32.9 ± 9.5 y, P < 0.001), had higher energy-adjusted dietary CML intakes (40% in highest tertile of CML intake versus 32.4 %, P < 0.03), were more likely to be obese (53.3 % versus 43.2 %, P < 0.02) and were more likely to smoke cigarettes than fertile women (21.7 % versus 15.2 %, P < 0.001). Compared to the lowest tertile of CML intake (< 2.33 mg/1000 kcal), women in the highest tertile of CML intake (> 3.73 mg/1000 kcal) had 35% greater odds of infertility. The OR (95% CI) for the association between CML intake and infertility was 1.35 (1.08, 1.54), P = 0.015 after multivariable adjustment. Reducing dietary intake of foods high in AGEs may be beneficial for the management of female infertility, but randomised controlled trials are required to confirm this.